The genus initially included three species on the basis of morphological. Capnocytophaga sputigena bacteremia in a patient with chronic. Capnocytophaga is clinically important in pediatric oncology and hematology, especially when patients are in aplasia. Pronunciation of capnocytophaga canimorsus with 1 audio pronunciation.
Dogs are the most common household pets in the united states. Capnocytophaga ochracer, capnocytophaga sputigena, capnocytophaga gingivalis, capnocytophaga granulose, and capnocytophaga heamolytica. Case report our patient was a 68yearold male who had a significant past medical history only of hypertensive intracranial hemorrhages managed conservatively, vascular dementia. It is epidemiologically similar to but less virulent than capnocytophaga canimorsus. Capnocytophaga canimorsus article about capnocytophaga. Capnocytophaga species have been identified as the cause of a variety of infections in immunocompetent hosts. The genus capnocytophaga is composed of a group of capnophilic, gramnegative fusiform bacteria that are part of the normal oral flora in humans and animals. Most of these reports dont get too much attention, but every once in a while they get picked up pretty widely, resulting in another round of questions about this strange bacterium. Infections are more often linked to dog bites or dog contact. The mic breakpoints used are those recommended for anaerobes by the national committee for clinical laboratory standards nccls. In immunocompromised and neutropenic patients, capnocytophaga spp.
The ecologic niche for the first five species is the human oral cavity 1,5. Epa 815r09004 identifying the universe august 2009 2 2. We present two cases of infection caused by capnocytophaga ochracea. Studies have shown that capnocytophaga bacteremia is associated with severe oral pathology and neutropenia, which can also result in abscess, fulminant sepsis, lung abscess, endocarditis, and meningitis 912. Nucleotide sequences of 16s rrna encoding genes from capnocytophaga ochracea atcc 33596, capnocytophaga sputigena atcc 33612 and capnocytophaga gingivalis atcc 33624. We present a unique case of a polymicrobial empyema, with a predominance of capnocytophaga sputigena, in an older patient with no history of animal bite or splenectomy. Ninetyseven strains of capnocytophaga isolated from the oral cavity and the type strains of c. What is capnocytophaga how common is capnocytophaga. It retrieves nacetylglucosamine, a compound it needs for its outer layer, from the components of the saliva of cats and dogs. The capnocytophaga germs that are common in dogs and cats can be spread to people through a bite or after close contact with dogs or cats. Antimicrobial treatment of capnocytophaga infections. Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a fastidious, slowgrowing, gramnegative rod of the genus capnocytophaga. Clinical isolates of capnocytophaga spp are classified into two broad groups.
Bacteremia caused by capnocytophaga species in patients with. A case of bacteremia caused by a multiresistant strain of capnocytophaga sputigena in a patient with hematological malignancy is described. Other articles where capnocytophaga canimorsus is discussed. Aug 15, 2001 capnocytophaga species are a rare cause of bacteremia in patients with neutropenia and cancer. It belongs to the family flavobacteriaceae, order flavobacteriales. The discovery and naming of capnocytophaga canimorsus jonathan y. A genus of bacteria comprising fusiform, fermentative, gramnegative rods which require carbon dioxide for growth and show gliding motility explanation of. This bacteria can cause sepsis in people after an animal bite.
Capnocytophaga species are a rare cause of bacteremia in patients with neutropenia and cancer. In vitro susceptibilities of capnocytophaga isolates to. Aug 03, 2018 every couple of months theres a news report about a person with infection caused by the dogassociated bacterium capnocytophaga canimorsus. Assessment of five culture media for the growth and. Capnocytophaga sputigena, belongs to the genus capnocytophaga, family flavobacteriaceae, is a gramnegative bacillus and a facultative anaerobic fermenter. The term capnocytophaga comes from capno for its dependence on co 2 and cytophaga for its flexibility and mobility shift gliding motility. Sixtyeight strains of capnophilic fusiform gramnegative rods from the human oral cavity were subjected to extensive physiologic characterization, tested for susceptibility to various antibiotics, and the molpercent guanine plus cytosine of each isolate determined. Although rare, the bacteria capnocytophaga canis, which occurs naturally in dogs mouths and is estimated to be in up to 70% of dogs, can be transmitted to humans through bites, scratches, or licks that come into contact with open wounds or mucous membranes. Capnocytophaga sputigena definition of capnocytophaga.
Signs and symptoms of capnocytophaga infection can vary widely from skin to invasive infections. Capnocytophaga ochracea is an aerotolerant anaerobe that requires either an anaerobic environment or 5% co2 concentration of the gaseous form or 20 mm hco3 in the hydrated form 7. Capnocytophaga canimorsus is the species most commonly involved in zoonotic. Diagnosing capnocytophaga canimorsus infections volume 12. Capnocytophaga, streptobacillus, gram negatives flashcards. Capnocytophaga canimorsus formerly cdc group df2 and capnocytophaga cynodegmi cdc group df2 like were proposed as two new species 1. Manifestations cutanees des infections a capnocytophaga. Capnocytophaga is the name of a group of gramnegative bacteria that live in the mouth of some animals and humans. Capnocytophaga ochracea, capnocytophaga sputigena and capnocytophaga gingivalis. Bacteremia by multidrugresistant capnocytophaga sputigena. The frequency with which these bacteria have been isolated in large patient series ranges from 0. Find out information about capnocytophaga canimorsus.
Capnocytophaga canimorsus is the main human pathogen associated with dog bites. It has been linked to periodontal disease, and may cause multidrug resistance and sepsis. Capnocytophaga species are facultative anaerobic, capnophilic, fusiform, gramnegative bacilli exhibiting gliding motility. A motile, nonflagellated gramnegative bacillus which is tapered at one and rounded at the other. May 22, 20 capnocytophaga sputigena is an unusual cause of communityacquired pneumonia. Capnocytophaga species infectious disease and antimicrobial. Metagenomic analysis of the canine oral cavity, as revealed by highthroughput. It is a slowly growing gramnegative bacillus that has been implicated in a variety of disorders including sepsis, meningitis, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and endocarditis 38. In addition, they are opportunistic pathogens associated with periodontal diseases and animal bites, causing systemic infection in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. A genus of bacteria comprising fusiform, fermentative, gramnegative rods which require carbon dioxide for growth and show gliding motility explanation of capnocytophaga canimorsus. Lin after 1961, a number of previously unidentified gramnegative bacilli were referred to the centers for disease control and prevention. Jun 19, 2014 capnocytophaga sputigena bacteremia in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia jungah kim, m. Capnocytophaga species constitute part of the normal oral microflora of humans and animals, and are often considered as opportunistic pathogens, that was confirmed by recent studies of microbial profiles using the human oral microbe identification microarray 23, 54, 128, 1.
Capnocytophaga article about capnocytophaga by the free. The first case of the infection in humans was reported by bobo. Capnocytophaga sputigena bacteremia in a neutropenic host. Diagnosing capnocytophaga canimorsus infections volume. Epa 815r09004 identifying the universe august 2009 a5 cellulomonas cellulans. Our first job is to listen to and observe what our customers need, and meet those needs with quality products and services. The genus consists of seven species, namely capnocytophaga gingivalis, c. Capnocytophaga sputigena twitching motility youtube.
Capnocytophaga definition of capnocytophaga by medical. A 22yearold woman presented an amoxicillinresistant pneumonia. Capnocytophaga in periodontics ppt linkedin slideshare. Capnocytophaga sputigena atcc33612, veillonella parvula atcc10790, and listeria monocytogenes edge strain. Symptoms can progress rapidly from mild, localized infection to systemic infection, including sepsis, organ failure, meningitis. Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a type of bacteria that exists in the mouths of healthy dogs and cats.
Persons who take chloroquine for malaria prophylaxis concurrently with rabies preexposure immunizations are. The word element capno in the bacteriums name refers to its ability to survive in high levels of carbon dioxide. Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a commensal bacterium found in the saliva of 1624% of dogs and 17% of cats 1, 2. Capnocytophaga species are facultatively anaerobic gramnegative bacilli that are part of the normal oral flora, and it has been suggested that. The strain presented with a pattern of marked resistance to betalactams, with mics of 256 mgliter for ampicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin, cefazolin, and cefuroxime, 64 mgliter for cefotaxime, and 32. Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a bacterial cause of fulminant sepsis among individuals who have been bitten by a dog. The discovery and naming of capnocytophaga canimorsus. It is rod shaped and is able to grow rapidly under the right conditions.
Garcia lozano t, lorente alegre p, linares latorre md, aznar oroval e. Estimates predict that 50% of all americans will be bitten in their lifetime by an animal and that. Capnocytophaga sputigena is an unusual cause of communityacquired pneumonia. Actinobacillus, aggregatibacter, kingella, cardiobacterium. Bacteremia caused by capnocytophaga species in patients. Chief, infectious diseases department of medicine nassau county medical center east meadow, ny 11554 associate professor of medicine suny at stony brook school of medicine stony brook, ny the genus capnocytophaga was des ignated by. Bacteria of the genus capnocytophaga are recently recognised pathogens which may cause oral disease and subsequent septicaemia in the immunocompromised host.
The genus capnocytophaga is a group of fusiform, gramnegative, rodshaped organisms with gliding motility whose growth is favoured by a capnophilic atmosphere. The genus initially included three species on the basis of morphological, physiological and dna data. The capnocytophaga type strains obtained from atcc used in this investigation were. Chief, infectious diseases department of medicine nassau county medical center east meadow, ny 11554 associate professor of medicine suny at stony brook school of medicine stony brook, ny the genus capnocytophaga was des ignated by leadbetter in 1979 after two independent studies.
The characteristics of the isolates were compared with 10 fresh and 2 stock isolates of. These organisms are part of the normal oral flora and were first described as bacteroides ochraceus and cdc group df1. Infections probably caused by patients endogenous strains. Symptom onset begins 3 to 5 days after an animal bite, but can range from 1 to 14 days. Subgingival surfaces and other areas of human oral cavity. Capnocytophaga information for healthcare professionals. Disease after a cat bite, scratch or close contact is less frequently seen than after dog contacts. Fatal bacteremia related to capnocytophaga sputigena in a hematological patient with type t nonhodgkin lymphoma. While every effort is made to ensure the accuracy of this information, please check current reference material prior to growth or handling of microorganisms. Capnocytophaga canimorsus mechanisms of pathogenicity.
In addition, they are opportunistic pathogens associated with periodontal diseases and animal bites, causing systemic infection in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts 2, 3. This pathogen has a unique shape and outer layer, and can cause severe illness if not treated quickly and effectively. Assessment of five culture media for the growth and isolation. To atcc valued customers, atcc stands ready to support our customers needs during the coronavirus pandemic.
There are 9 capnocytophaga species described that inhabit exclusively in the oral cavity of mammals. The genus capnocytophaga is comprised of eight known species. Pcr detection of capnocytophaga species in dental plaque. Capnocytophaga sputigena is a bsl2 organism and should be considered a potential pathogen.
Thirtyfour of the isolates produced betalactamase according to the nitrocefin test. In 1976, light was shed on these unidentified bacilli when bobo and newton described a man who developed septicemia and meningitis after. Capnocytophaga sputigena bacteremia in a patient with. In vitro susceptibilities of capnocytophaga isolates. See the preventing dog bites page for information on how to prevent dog bites and what to do if you are bitten, regardless of your health status. The characteristics of the isolates were compared with 10 fresh and 2 stock isolates of fusobacterium nucleatum. Capnocytophaga definition of capnocytophaga by the free. Transmission may occur through bites, licks, or even close proximity with animals. All 43 strains belonged to the capnocytophaga ochraceac. It is a commensal bacterium in the normal gingival flora of canine and feline species, but can cause illness in humans. Department of laboratory medicine and research institute of. Every couple of months theres a news report about a person with infection caused by the dogassociated bacterium capnocytophaga canimorsus. Capnocytophaga sputigena bacteremia in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia jungah kim, m.